Acne: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

Professional Dermatologic Care for Acne

Dr. Marie Hayag is a board-certified dermatologist with expertise in diagnosing and managing acne across all ages and skin types. Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin condition that affects the hair follicles and oil glands. While often associated with adolescence, acne frequently persists into adulthood or develops later in life due to hormonal influences, genetics, and environmental factors.

At Marie Hayag MD, acne care begins with an accurate dermatologic diagnosis and individualized treatment planning. By combining clinical dermatology expertise, advanced treatment technologies, and personalized skincare guidance, patients receive comprehensive care designed to control breakouts, reduce inflammation, prevent scarring, and support long-term skin health.

A Brief Overview of Acne

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions worldwide, affecting up to 85% of individuals between the ages of 12 and 24. However, acne is not limited to teenagers. Many adults experience persistent or late-onset acne due to hormonal fluctuations, genetics, lifestyle factors, and chronic inflammation.

Dermatologists treat several different forms of acne, each with unique causes and treatment approaches. Common types include comedonal acne (blackheads and whiteheads), inflammatory acne characterized by papules and pustules, hormonal acne often affecting the jawline and lower face, and cystic or nodular acne that forms deeper painful lesions beneath the skin. Identifying the specific type of acne is an important step in developing an effective treatment plan.

Breakouts most often develop on areas of the body with higher concentrations of oil glands, including the face, chest, shoulders, and back. Without proper treatment, acne can lead to complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, uneven skin texture, and permanent scarring. Early evaluation by a dermatologist can help control inflammation and reduce the risk of long-term skin damage.

What Causes Acne?

Acne develops when multiple biological processes affect the pilosebaceous unit, which includes the hair follicle and oil-producing sebaceous gland.

Several key factors contribute to acne formation:

Excess Oil Production

Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum) that helps protect the skin. Overproduction of sebum can clog pores and create an environment where acne bacteria thrive.

Clogged Pores

Dead skin cells may accumulate within the follicle, blocking the pore and forming comedones such as blackheads or whiteheads.

Acne-Causing Bacteria

The bacterium Cutibacterium acnes naturally lives on the skin but can multiply within clogged pores, triggering inflammation and breakouts.

Hormonal Fluctuations

Hormonal activity, especially increased androgen levels, can stimulate oil production and worsen acne. Hormonal acne commonly appears along the jawline, chin, and lower face.

Inflammation

Inflammatory processes within the skin contribute to redness, swelling, and the formation of papules, pustules, or cystic lesions.

Because acne may involve several contributing factors, accurate dermatologic diagnosis is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment strategy.

Acne Treatment Options

Medical Acne Treatment

Definition:

Medical acne treatment involves physician-directed therapies designed to address the underlying causes of acne, including excess oil production, clogged pores, acne-causing bacteria, and inflammation.

What it helps with:

Medical treatment helps control active breakouts, reduce inflammation, regulate oil production, and prevent acne scarring. Treatment plans may include prescription topical medications, oral therapies, hormonal management, and dermatologist-guided skincare protocols.

Who it’s ideal for:

Ideal for teens and adults experiencing persistent, inflammatory, hormonal, or treatment-resistant acne that does not improve with over-the-counter products.

Acne Treatment

Chemical Peels for Acne

Definition:

Chemical peels use dermatologist-selected exfoliating solutions to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and stimulate skin renewal.

What it helps with:

Chemical peels help improve acne by clearing clogged pores, reducing oil buildup, and minimizing post-acne discoloration. They can also help refine skin texture and improve overall skin clarity.

Who it’s ideal for:

Ideal for patients with mild to moderate acne, congestion, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation seeking non-invasive skin renewal.

Chemical Peels

Medical Facials for Acne-Prone Skin

Definition:

Medical facials are dermatologist-guided skincare treatments performed in a clinical setting to cleanse, exfoliate, and support healthy skin function.

What it helps with:

Medical facials help remove impurities, reduce congestion, improve hydration, and support acne management by maintaining clear pores and balanced skin.

Who it’s ideal for:

Ideal for patients with acne-prone or congested skin seeking professional skin maintenance or supportive care alongside other acne treatments.

Facials

Morpheus8 RF Microneedling for Acne & Acne Scarring

Definition:

Morpheus8 RF microneedling combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy to stimulate collagen production and remodel deeper layers of the skin.

What it helps with:

Morpheus8 helps improve acne scars, refine skin texture, reduce enlarged pores, and support overall skin rejuvenation following acne breakouts.

Who it’s ideal for:

Ideal for patients experiencing acne scarring, uneven skin texture, or enlarged pores after acne has been controlled.

Morpheus8 RF Microneedling

AviClear Laser Acne Treatment

Definition:

AviClear is an FDA-cleared laser treatment designed to target sebaceous glands and reduce excess oil production, one of the primary causes of acne.

What it helps with:

AviClear helps improve active acne by decreasing oil output and reducing breakouts over time without the need for systemic medications.

Who it’s ideal for:

Ideal for patients with moderate to severe acne or those seeking a non-medication-based treatment option for long-term acne management.

AviClear Laser Acne Treatment

PICOWAY LASER

Definition:

PicoWay is an FDA-cleared picosecond laser that uses ultra-short pulses of energy to treat pigmentation, acne scars, fine lines, and unwanted tattoos in a physician-led setting.

What it helps with:

PicoWay breaks pigment and tattoo ink into tiny fragments the body clears naturally and stimulates new collagen production, improving tone, texture, and clarity with minimal downtime.

Who it’s ideal for:

Ideal for patients dealing with sun spots, melasma, acne scarring, fine lines, or an unwanted tattoo, especially those with skin tones that made other lasers feel too risky.

PICOWAY LASER

Who May Benefit from Professional Acne Care?

Dermatologic acne evaluation may benefit individuals who:

Experience persistent or recurring breakouts
Have inflammatory, cystic, or hormonal acne
Notice acne scarring or discoloration
Do not respond to over-the-counter treatments
Want physician-guided treatment for long-term acne control

Early intervention helps reduce inflammation and minimize the risk of permanent acne scarring or pigmentation changes.

Why Choose Marie Hayag, MD for Acne Care?

At Marie Hayag MD, acne care is delivered through a physician-led, evidence-based dermatology approach focused on both medical outcomes and long-term skin health.

Dr. Marie Hayag combines clinical dermatology expertise with advanced treatment technologies to safely treat acne across all skin types and tones.

Patients benefit from:

Care from a board-certified dermatologist
Comprehensive acne evaluation and diagnosis
Personalized treatment planning
Access to advanced acne technologies
Safe treatment for pigmentation-prone skin
Long-term prevention and maintenance strategies

This comprehensive approach helps patients achieve clearer skin while protecting the integrity and health of their skin over time.

Professional Acne Care Starts with an Accurate Diagnosis

If you are experiencing persistent or treatment-resistant acne, a consultation with a board-certified dermatologist can help identify the underlying causes and determine the most effective treatment approach. At Marie Hayag MD, patients receive personalized acne care designed to reduce breakouts, prevent scarring, and support long-term skin health.

To schedule your appointment, please call 212.722.2055 or book online. Our Upper East Side dermatology practice proudly serves patients throughout Manhattan and New York City.

Refined Dermatology, Aesthetic, And Regenerative Care

      Excellent rating  
 Based on 110 reviews 
    
  
 
 
      Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Dr.  Hayag has been my excellent dermatologist for more than 20 years! I won’t reveal my secrets but I will recommend her highly!
     
   Phyllis Lee 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. I had an amazing experience with Dr. Hayag! I went in for a preventative skin check and botox. She is incredibly thorough, knowledgeable, and precise. I can't wait for my next visit!
     
   Rachel Ancel 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Dr. Hayag has been my dermatologist since I was young, and I truly cannot recommend her highly enough. She treated my acne when I was younger, and I have continued to see her over the years for any skin concerns that come up. She is always incredibly thorough, knowledgeable, and caring, and I completely trust her. On top of that, her entire staff is so warm, kind, and lovely, which makes every visit such a positive experience. I’m so grateful to have had her as my dermatologist for so many years.
     
   Katie 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. 
     
   Landy Aguiar 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My entire family has been seeing Dr Hayag for over a decade for general dermatology. She’s extremely knowledgeable and provides the best level of care and advice. She’s been equally good for my kids as teens and young adults, focusing on prevention and healthy skin habits. The entire staff is kind and friendly, keeps appointments on time and has great communication. I’m a patient for life - a wonderful doctor and practice.
     
   Patricia Falconi 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Dr. Hayag is an amazing doctor. Very caring and gentle with her patients. I have been with her for years and will continue to be with her. I highly recommend her.
     
   Ann Nellissen 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. Everyone in the office is so kind and sweet to me I appreciate how they take their time to address my concerns
     
   mimi chung 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My visit to Dr. Hayag’s Office was superb. No waiting, lovely professional help and Dr. Hayag with an easy confident manner, artistic eye and quick hands managed to make my experience the best ever. I’m so grateful to be in her care.
     
   mary Conley 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ Dr. Hayag is an extraordinary dermatologist whose expertise, compassion, and commitment to excellence are unmatched. I have been under her care for over 15 years, and she remains the only dermatologist I trust implicitly. I travel from out of state, over two hours each way for my appointments, which speaks volumes about the caliber of her care. Dr. Hayag’s mastery of dermatology is second to none. She stays at the forefront of innovation, continually advancing her practice by attending leading dermatology conferences and incorporating the most cutting-edge techniques and treatments. Yet what truly distinguishes her is not just her knowledge, but her humanity. She takes the time to listen, to educate, and to ensure her patients feel understood and empowered in every decision. Her genuine care and personal attention are evident in every interaction. She is meticulous, insightful, and wholly dedicated to achieving the best outcomes for her patients. Her office reflects her professionalism and taste, immaculate, serene, and inviting. Her staff embodies the same warmth and excellence she brings to her work, creating an environment that feels both luxurious and deeply personal. Dr. Hayag represents the gold standard in dermatology: exceptional skill, unwavering integrity, and a sincere devotion to her patients’ well-being. I highly and wholeheartedly recommend her to anyone seeking the very best in dermatologic care.
     
   Mary Ann M 
 
 
 
 
 
    Trustindex verifies that the original source of the review is Google. My favorite mult-generational doctor!  A long-time patient, I trust her judgment and skills so much that I've sent my daughters to Dr. Hayag too!
     
   Bee-Ann Benson

Your Care Begins With A Conversation

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes acne in adults?-+

Adult acne is often influenced by hormonal fluctuations, genetics, inflammation, stress, and environmental factors.

Can acne cause permanent scars?-+

Yes. Severe or untreated acne may lead to permanent scarring or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Early treatment helps reduce this risk.

How can a dermatologist treat acne?-+

Dermatologists may use prescription medications, hormonal therapy, dermatologist-guided skincare, and advanced treatments such as laser therapy to control acne.

How long does acne treatment take to work?-+

Most acne treatments require several weeks to show improvement, with continued progress over time as inflammation decreases.

Is acne treatment safe for all skin tones?-+

Yes. Dermatologic acne treatments are carefully selected to ensure safety and effectiveness across all skin types and tones.

When should I see a dermatologist for acne?-+

If acne is persistent, painful, leaving marks, or not responding to over-the-counter products, professional dermatologic evaluation is recommended.

Can acne be permanently cured?-+

Acne can often be effectively controlled with proper dermatologic treatment, though it may not always be permanently cured. Long-term management focuses on controlling oil production, reducing inflammation, preventing clogged pores, and maintaining healthy skin to minimize future breakouts.

Professional Acne Care Starts with an Accurate Diagnosis

Schedule a consultation with Dr. Marie Hayag to receive physician-guided, evidence-based acne treatment that is tailored to your skin type, acne severity, and long-term skin health goals.

Acne: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

Professional Dermatologic Care for Acne

A Brief Overview of Acne

What Causes Acne?

Excess Oil Production

Clogged Pores

Acne-Causing Bacteria

Hormonal Fluctuations

Inflammation

Acne Treatment Options

Medical Acne Treatment

Definition:

What it helps with:

Who it’s ideal for:

Chemical Peels for Acne

Definition:

What it helps with:

Who it’s ideal for:

Medical Facials for Acne-Prone Skin

Definition:

What it helps with:

Who it’s ideal for:

Morpheus8 RF Microneedling for Acne & Acne Scarring

Definition:

What it helps with:

Who it’s ideal for:

AviClear Laser Acne Treatment

Definition:

What it helps with:

Who it’s ideal for:

PICOWAY LASER

Definition:

What it helps with:

Who it’s ideal for:

Who May Benefit from Professional Acne Care?

Why Choose Marie Hayag, MD for Acne Care?

Professional Acne Care Starts with an Accurate Diagnosis

Refined Dermatology, Aesthetic, And Regenerative Care

Your Care Begins With A Conversation

Frequently Asked Questions

Professional Acne Care Starts with an Accurate Diagnosis

Skin Resurfacing

Face & Body Contouring

About Dr. Marie Hayag

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